Vi`blog · 唯音

实验拓扑:

实验配置 :

       实验拓扑如上图, 两个路由选择域, 在R2, R3上做路由的双向重分布, 使每个区域的路由器都可以达到共识.

 

实验目的 :

       解决在多点重分布时出现路径的不优问题.

 

R2配置:

!

router ospf 1

 router-id 2.2.2.2

 log-adjacency-changes

 redistribute rip metric 10000 metric-type 1 subnets

 network 192.1.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

!

router rip

 version 2

 redistribute ospf 1 metric 5

 network 2.0.0.0

 network 192.2.24.0

 no auto-summary

!

ip classless

no ip http server

!

!

 

R3配置:

!

router ospf 1

 router-id 3.3.3.3

 log-adjacency-changes

 redistribute rip metric 10000 metric-type 1 subnets

 network 192.1.13.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

!

router rip

 version 2

 redistribute ospf 1 metric 5

 network 3.0.0.0

 network 192.2.35.0

 no auto-summary

!

ip classless

no ip http server

!

!

R2 先双向重分布, 然后R3再双向重分布.

R3路由表:

O    192.1.12.0/24 [110/128] via 192.1.13.1, 00:03:19, Serial1

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 192.1.13.1, 00:03:19, Serial1

C    192.1.13.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    2.2.2.0 [110/10128] via 192.1.13.1, 00:03:19, Serial1

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

O E1 192.2.45.0/24 [110/10128] via 192.1.13.1, 00:03:19, Serial1

          4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    4.4.4.0 [110/10128] via 192.1.13.1, 00:03:20, Serial1

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    5.5.5.0 [110/10128] via 192.1.13.1, 00:03:20, Serial1

O E1 192.2.24.0/24 [110/10128] via 192.1.13.1, 00:03:22, Serial1

C    192.2.35.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0

 

*红色路由不优, 红色条目为以下RIPv2的路由, 直接通过RIP就可以到达, 现在反而通过OSPF学到从RIP重分布进来的这些条目.

 

R2路由表:

C    192.1.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 192.1.12.1, 00:00:04, Serial0

O    192.1.13.0/24 [110/128] via 192.1.12.1, 00:00:04, Serial0

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    3.3.3.0 [110/10128] via 192.1.12.1, 00:00:04, Serial0

R    192.2.45.0/24 [120/1] via 192.2.24.4, 00:00:04, Serial1

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       4.4.4.0 [120/1] via 192.2.24.4, 00:00:05, Serial1

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       5.5.5.0 [120/2] via 192.2.24.4, 00:00:05, Serial1

C    192.2.24.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

O E1 192.2.35.0/24 [110/10128] via 192.1.12.1, 00:00:06, Serial0

 

*不优条目

 

R1路由表:

C    192.1.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.1.13.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    2.2.2.0 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    3.3.3.0 [110/10064] via 192.1.13.3, 00:00:03, Serial1

O E1 192.2.45.0/24 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial0

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    4.4.4.0 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial0

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    5.5.5.0 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:04, Serial0

O E1 192.2.24.0/24 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:04, Serial0

O E1 192.2.35.0/24 [110/10064] via 192.1.13.3, 00:00:14, Serial1

 

*R1对于下边RIPv2的路由路径没有达到负载均衡的效果

实验结论:

       R2先双向重分布, 把R2通过RIP学到的路由信息带进OSPF域中, R1学到R2重分布进来的RIP路由信息(OE1), 当R1把OE1路由传给R3时, 此时R3本身也已有该些路由条目(R3通过RIP学到的路由信息), R3从R1收到(OE1)与自身(RIP)相同路由条目的更新信息时, 因为通过OSPF学到的路由管理距离比RIP低, 故采用OE1路由, 所以导致RIPv2网段的路由绕OSPF走, 出现路径不优的结果.

解决办法:

R2配置:

!

router ospf 1

 router-id 2.2.2.2

 log-adjacency-changes

 redistribute rip metric 10000 metric-type 1 subnets

 network 192.1.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

 distance 125 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1     (1是调用下边的访问控制列表1)

!

router rip

 version 2

 redistribute ospf 1 metric 5

 network 2.0.0.0

 network 192.2.24.0

 no auto-summary

!

ip classless

no ip http server

!

access-list 1 permit 192.2.0.0 0.0.255.255

access-list 1 permit 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 1 permit 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 1 permit 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 1 permit 5.5.5.0 0.0.0.255

!

 

R3配置:

!

router ospf 1

 router-id 3.3.3.3

 log-adjacency-changes

 redistribute rip metric 10000 metric-type 1 subnets

 network 192.1.13.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

 distance 130 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1

!

router rip

 version 2

 redistribute ospf 1 metric 5

 network 3.0.0.0

 network 192.2.35.0

 no auto-summary

!

ip classless

no ip http server

!

access-list 1 permit 192.2.0.0 0.0.255.255

access-list 1 permit 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 1 permit 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 1 permit 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255

access-list 1 permit 5.5.5.0 0.0.0.255

!

对重分布进OSPF的路由条目更改其管理距离

调整后的R3路由表:

O    192.1.12.0/24 [110/128] via 192.1.13.1, 00:05:05, Serial1

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 192.1.13.1, 00:05:05, Serial1

C    192.1.13.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       2.2.2.0 [120/3] via 192.2.35.5, 00:00:11, Serial0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

R    192.2.45.0/24 [120/1] via 192.2.35.5, 00:00:11, Serial0

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       4.4.4.0 [120/2] via 192.2.35.5, 00:00:12, Serial0

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       5.5.5.0 [120/1] via 192.2.35.5, 00:00:12, Serial0

R    192.2.24.0/24 [120/2] via 192.2.35.5, 00:00:13, Serial0

C    192.2.35.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0

 

调整后的R2路由表:

C    192.1.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 192.1.12.1, 00:08:07, Serial0

O    192.1.13.0/24 [110/128] via 192.1.12.1, 00:08:07, Serial0

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       3.3.3.0 [120/3] via 192.2.24.4, 00:00:11, Serial1

R    192.2.45.0/24 [120/1] via 192.2.24.4, 00:00:11, Serial1

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       4.4.4.0 [120/1] via 192.2.24.4, 00:00:12, Serial1

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       5.5.5.0 [120/2] via 192.2.24.4, 00:00:12, Serial1

C    192.2.24.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

R    192.2.35.0/24 [120/2] via 192.2.24.4, 00:00:13, Serial1

 

*R2. R3的路由条目都正常了, 各自使用本路由选择区域的IGP路由进行通讯

调整后的R1路由表:

C    192.1.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.1.13.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    2.2.2.0 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:00, Serial0

                [110/10064] via 192.1.13.3, 00:00:00, Serial1

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    3.3.3.0 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:00, Serial0

                [110/10064] via 192.1.13.3, 00:00:02, Serial1

O E1 192.2.45.0/24 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:02, Serial0

                   [110/10064] via 192.1.13.3, 00:00:02, Serial1

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    4.4.4.0 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial0

                [110/10064] via 192.1.13.3, 00:00:03, Serial1

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    5.5.5.0 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial0

                [110/10064] via 192.1.13.3, 00:00:03, Serial1

O E1 192.2.24.0/24 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial0

                   [110/10064] via 192.1.13.3, 00:00:03, Serial1

O E1 192.2.35.0/24 [110/10064] via 192.1.12.2, 00:00:03, Serial0

                   [110/10064] via 192.1.13.3, 00:00:03, Serial1

 

*R1对于RIPv2路由区域的路由也都达到负载均衡的结果

实验结论:

       可以修改重分布进OSPF的RIPv2路由的管理距离, 以确保边界路由器选择RIPv2路由.

因为从RIPv2重分布进OSPF的路由管理距离修改为 (125,130), 虽然在边界路由器上有相同的RIPv2路由条目, 但RIPv2的管理距离比较小, 故仍采用RIPv2的路由条目.